![]() ![]() Gait analysis Hip adductors Non-negative matrix factorization Surface electromyography Ultrasonography Vastus intermedius.Ĭopyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. The muscle synergies extracted from the lower limb involving the deeper muscles appear to be consistent during level and uphill treadmill walking. The inter-condition similarity of the synergy activation coefficients was high for the four synergies, and a significant lag time for synergy 2, which consisted mainly of the activity of medial gastrocnemius, was found at 60 and 80m/min. Similarity between walking conditions was high (r>0.76) for three muscle synergies, but not for one synergy that mainly consisted of the quadriceps femoris. 44,45 Cosine similarity can vary from 0 to 1, in which values closer to 1 indicate similar vectors. The mean number of synergies ranged from 3.8 to 4.0 across all conditions, and they were not significantly different between level and uphill walking conditions. To evaluate the inter-limb similarity of muscle synergies within subject groups, we calculated the cosine similarity between the synergy weights vectors of a cluster and the average synergy weights of that cluster. Changes in synergy activation coefficients between the walking conditions were evaluated by cross-correlation analysis. Correlation coefficients between a pair of synergy vectors during level and uphill walking were analyzed as a similarity index, with the similarity criterion at r=0.76. Muscle synergies were extracted applying non-negative matrix factorization, and the relative co-activation across muscles and the temporal information of synergy recruitment were identified by the muscle synergy vector and synergy activation coefficient, respectively. Surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were recorded from 10 muscles of the lower limb, including vastus intermedius, adductor magnus, and adductor longus. Similarity of muscle synergies extracted from the lower limb including the deep muscles between level and uphill treadmill walking DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.10.007 Authors: Akira Saito Jichi. synergies (N) (iii) extraction of task- and group- specific synergy sets (iv) between-group and between-task synergy similarity. Seven men and five women walked on a treadmill at three speeds (60, 80, and 100m/min) and two grades (level and 10% grade). muscle synergy vectors and the activation profiles, we can first visually check. This study aimed to examine muscle synergies involving the deeper muscles of the lower limb during level and uphill treadmill walking. Synergy 1 primarily involves hip flexor (GMed), knee extensor (RF), and. ![]()
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